What is described as a Health Impact Assessment (HIA)?

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a systematic process that evaluates the potential health effects of a project, policy, or program before it is implemented. It focuses on understanding how decisions can influence public health, encompassing both positive and negative effects. The primary objective of HIA is to ensure that health considerations are integrated into decision-making processes, contributing to healthier communities.

This method involves analyzing existing data, forecasting possible health impacts, and engaging stakeholders, which ultimately helps in making informed choices that promote well-being and prevent adverse health outcomes. By assessing the implications of different options on community health, decision-makers can create policies that support and enhance public health.

The other options describe different types of health activities but do not embody the comprehensive evaluative approach that HIA represents. A report on infectious diseases focuses on specific health issues, a survey of community health needs assesses current health status without projecting future impacts, and a program for health education delivers information but does not evaluate health effects of policies or projects.