What is a common control measure in sanitary landfills to manage environmental impact?

Covering waste with soil is a widely recognized control measure in sanitary landfills that serves several critical functions in managing environmental impact. This practice, often referred to as daily cover, helps to reduce odors, control pests, and prevent the scattering of waste materials by wind. By applying a layer of soil or similar materials, landfill operators can minimize the exposure of waste to the elements, which can lead to the production of leachate and greenhouse gases.

Covering waste also aids in the stabilization of the landfill, as it promotes the decomposition process by creating anaerobic conditions, which can help manage methane production. This method is essential for maintaining environmental integrity, as it limits direct public exposure to waste and contributes to the overall hygienic conditions of the landfill site.

In contrast, other methods like turning waste into compost and incineration, while effective waste management strategies, are not typical control measures specific to sanitary landfills. Composting focuses on organic waste, and incineration processes are separate waste management approaches altogether. Storing waste without treatment can lead to significant environmental hazards, including groundwater contamination and methane emissions, which is contrary to the intentions of a sanitary landfill designed to mitigate such impacts.