What does nonfeasance refer to in a legal context?

In a legal context, nonfeasance specifically refers to the failure to act when there is a duty to do so. This concept is significant in tort law, where a person may be held liable for not taking necessary action that could prevent harm to others. For example, if a lifeguard fails to attempt a rescue when a swimmer is in distress, this could be considered nonfeasance because the lifeguard has a responsibility to take action in that situation. The essence of nonfeasance lies in the absence of action when action is required, which can lead to liability for any resulting harm.

Other choices address different concepts. Performing an act that causes harm relates to misfeasance, where the action taken is harmful rather than a failure to act. Taking action without authority touches on issues of legal or organizational permission, which is not equivalent to failing to act. Neglecting to fulfill a duty out of ignorance might imply a lack of knowledge but does not specifically address the legal definition of nonfeasance, which centers around the failure to act in the face of a clear duty.